Pharmacotherapeutic Implications and Prescribing Pattern of Benzodiazepines (BZD) by Psychiatrists and Neurologists |
| Waleed Sweileh, Nidal Jaradat |
| waleedsweileh@najah.edu, nidaljaradat@najah.edu |
| College of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. |
| Received : 30-06-2003 , Accepted : 02-03-2004 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The aim of this study is to explore and investigate benzodiazepine (BZD) prescribing pattern by neurologists and psychiatrists. Randomly selected five hundred and five neurologists and psychiatrists prescriptions were collected throughout West-Bank and analyzed using SPSS 10 for windows. Approximately half of the prescriptions contain BZD with alprozolam being the most commonly prescribed BZD followed by clonazepam. More than half of the BZD prescriptions were missing important patient and dispensing information. Gender of the patient and physician’s specialty were not a determining factor in choosing or prescribing BZD. Antidepressants were commonly co-prescribed with BZD (57%). BZD were more commonly co-prescribed with tricylic antidepressants (TCA) antidepressants than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Approximately 20% of antipsychotic prescriptions contained BZD especially clonazepam. In conclusion, although our study is not based on complete clinical investigation of patients disease and drug history, it is clear that there is some irrational BZD prescribing practices based on the general requirements for BZD prescriptions. |
|
 |
| Full Text |
|
Tuesday, February 2, 2010
Pharmacotherapeutic Implications and Prescribing Pattern of Benzodiazepines (BZD) by Psychiatrists and Neurologists
Epidimiology of Aerobic Bacterial Infections among IUD (Intrauterine Device) Users in the Northern West Bank
Epidimiology of Aerobic Bacterial Infections among IUD (Intrauterine Device) Users in the Northern West Bank |
| Samar Ghazal*, Mohammed Musmar*, Mariam AL-Tell** |
| smusmar@hotmail.com |
| *Faculty of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. **UNICEF Office, Nablus, Palestine |
| Received : 07-06-2003 , Accepted : 02-03-2004 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
Intra uterine device (IUD) is the most popular method of contraception among Palestinian women. It is one of the very effective contraceptive methods with very small failure rate. Infection has been the main problem that faces women using IUD all over the world. The aim of this study is to explore the epidemiological pattern of aerobic bacterial infections among IUD users in Northern West Bank /Palestine. A study sample included two hundred women (134 IUD users and 66 non-IUD users) from MOH (Ministry of Health) FP (family planning) clinics. These women were randomly selected, interviewed, then cervical swabs were collected and cultured for aerobic bacteria, all data were analyzed using SPSS software. The study results showed overall significant higher rate of isolated bacteria among IUD users compared to non-users (P value <> 0.05). More than 50% of the positive culture results were predominant bacteria, and some 40% were potentially pathogenic. ? Hemolytic streptococcus was the most frequent of the former and E. Coli of the latter. Overall the study results were consistent with the current literature. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
The Population Dynamics of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. Diptera: Tephritidae in Some Fruit Orchards in Gaza Strip
The Population Dynamics of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. Diptera: Tephritidae in Some Fruit Orchards in Gaza Strip |
| Ahmad Saleh*, Mohammad El-Hamalawii** |
| assaleh45@yahoo.com |
| *Department of Plant Production & Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Azhar University, Gaza, **Ministry of Agriculture, Gaza, Palestine |
| Received : 25-05-2004 , Accepted : 31-10-2004 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
A field study was carried out on the population dynamics of Medfly Ceratitis capitata Wied. males in three governorates groves of Gaza Strip (North, Gaza and Middle). Forty two orchards of Valencia orange as host plants of the fruit fly, thirty one orchards of olive as nonhost plants and sixteen backyards as urban area representing three different ecological environments of the fly, were chosen during two successive growing seasons. During the first growing season (2002), the grand mean of captured males/trap/day (CTD) of C. capitata for all inspection dates were: 1.99, 1.19, 1.2, 1.67, 1.35, 0.93 and 0.94 in Valencia orchards, North, Gaza, Dair Al Balah zone, total area, olive orchards and backyards, respectively. In 2003, the CTD for the above mentioned sites were 3.26, 1.12, 1.99, 1.81, 0.93, 1.03, and 1.02, respectively. Mean percentages of C.capitata host fruit infestations were 12.5-35.1% in collected samples during two successive seasons. All the sites contained mixed host plants of citrus, stone and pome fruits, guava, figs and other host fruits. More than two population peaks at the fruit ripening period of Valencia orange (April-June), peach, fig, guava (June-August) and Shammoty orange, grapefruit, guava, clementine (November-December) were obtained. The Medfly activity continued in most of the season, but decrease to a very low level in all studied locations during early spring months (February -March), due to the absence of host fruits and unfavorable climatic conditions. There was relationship between the average daily temperatures and daily activity period of the insect during summer seasons, as the traps captured a greater number of males at moderate temperatures. The mean number of CTD was significantly different in all 36 dates of inspection in each season for the three governorates and in three ecological environments (Valencia orange, olive orchards and backyards) of C.capitata during 2002 and 2003 seasons. In the same, time the means CTD,s were not significantly different among the three governorates. Results obtained could be exploited in management of this insect pest especially, in its control programs |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
Polaronic Donor in a Strictly Two-Dimensional Quantum Well
Polaronic Donor in a Strictly Two-Dimensional Quantum Well |
| Bassam Saqqa |
| bsaqqa@mail.iugaza.edu |
| Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, Gaza, Palestine |
| Received : 24-04-2004 , Accepted : 31-10-2004 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
The problem of a polaronic donor in a strictly two-dimensional quantum well is studied using the variational approach. The approach covers the overall range of the electron-phonon coupling and the Coulomb binding strengths. The energy, the number of phonons around the electron, and the size of the polaron are calculated for the ground, and for the first two excited states. It is observed that the polaronic effects become more pronounced for strong Coulomb fields. The size of the polaron is found to be mainly dependent on the polaronic field, as the Coulomb field becomes weak. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
Quasi Centralizers and Inner Derivations in a Closed Ideal of a Complex Banach Algebra
Quasi Centralizers and Inner Derivations in a Closed Ideal of a Complex Banach Algebra |
| As'ad Y. As'ad |
| aasad@mail.iugaza.edu |
| Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, Gaza, Palestine. |
| Received : 03-05-2003 , Accepted : 31-08-2004 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
In this paper we show that, for an ideal J of a unital complex Banach algebra A, we have (i) under certain conditions the ? -quasi centralizer, the quasi centralizer, and the centralizer of J are all identical, and so they are subsets of the ? -quasi centralizer of J. (ii) If J is closed and a is a quasi centralizer element of J, then DaJ, a restriction of the inner derivation of a to J is topologically nilpotent. (iii) For each complex number ? and each x in J we have, (? – a) x = 0 if and only if x (? – a) = 0. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
Quasi Centralizers and Inner Derivations in a Closed Ideal of a Complex Banach Algebra
Quasi Centralizers and Inner Derivations in a Closed Ideal of a Complex Banach Algebra |
| As'ad Y. As'ad |
| aasad@mail.iugaza.edu |
| Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University, Gaza, Palestine. |
| Received : 03-05-2003 , Accepted : 31-08-2004 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
In this paper we show that, for an ideal J of a unital complex Banach algebra A, we have (i) under certain conditions the ? -quasi centralizer, the quasi centralizer, and the centralizer of J are all identical, and so they are subsets of the ? -quasi centralizer of J. (ii) If J is closed and a is a quasi centralizer element of J, then DaJ, a restriction of the inner derivation of a to J is topologically nilpotent. (iii) For each complex number ? and each x in J we have, (? – a) x = 0 if and only if x (? – a) = 0. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|
Direct Regeneration in Cyclamen Persicum Mill. Using Seedling Tissues
Direct Regeneration in Cyclamen Persicum Mill. Using Seedling Tissues |
| Hassan Abu-Qaoud |
| hassan@najah.edu |
| Department of Plant Production & Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. |
| Received : 27-04-2003 , Accepted : 23-05-2004 |
| Language: English |
Abstract |
In Vitro shoot regeneration and microtuberization of Cyclamen persicum Mill. were studied using seedling tissues. Tuber, leaf and petiole sections of aseptic seedlings of cultivar ‘Concerto’ were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Three levels of benzyladenine (BA) (4.4, 8.8, 13.3 µM) and four levels of thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.5, 1, 2, 4 µM) were used with the three different explants. All regeneration media were supplied with 5.4 µM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). No shoot regeneration was observed in media without cytokinins. The greatest percent shoot regeneration (100 %) was obtained from tuber sections cultured on media supplemented with 4.4 µM BA and 4 µM TDZ. No regeneration was obtained with petiole sections. Microtubers were formed with leaf explant. The higher microtuberization response was obtained with leaf explants cultured on media supplemented with 2 and 4 µM TDZ (41.6 and 58.3, respectively). Tuberous structures (microtubers) were able to sprout and leaves continued to grow on these structures. After an acclimatization period, the plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse and continued their growth normally. |
|
|
| Full Text |
|